1. What Is Accessibility?

   • What is accessibility?: Accessibility is making sure people with disabilities can access your website. There are four main types of disabilities: visual, auditory, mobility and dexterity, and cognitive.
   • Views of accessibility: A lot of people view accessibility as not really necessary, or not as important because people with disabilities can't access all the sites available.
   • Accessibility and user experience: User experience is an aspect of web design, that all designers should consider when designing a web page.

2. Accessibility by Example

   • Managing flow: The main thing that designers should focus on and is a must is keyboard access, where people who use a keyboard instead of a mouse, partly because they want, or if they have to use a keyboard because they can't use a mouse for any reason. Try to also code your site so that a screen-reader can read it in an order that the user can understand.
   • Re-creating visual interactions: Recreating a visual interaction in your page, you would need to use the surrounding elements and redundancy to help get the user to experience it in many ways.
   • Ensuring proximity in your design: Proximity is keeping things that are related to each other, near each other. If they are too far apart then the relationship is lost.
   • Setting expectations: Before you do any sort of coding or design, set some expectations for you or your team on how the site will function for multiple types of users.
   • Writing the perfect content: Writing the perfect content will help users understand what you are trying to show in your site, and if written and coded correctly, can help people with disabilities.
   • Designing for memory issues: Designing for people with memory problems, you will need to not have text fields for forms that require them to have type in data and it has a placeholder that disappears when you start typing, then they forget the format, or typed in the wrong data, and don't know what to do.

3. Tools and Techniques

   • Overview of voice recognition: Most modern phones now have the ability for voice recognition, and certain computers with a microphone can do it too. The best modern voice recognition software is Dragon Naturally Speaking.
   • Overview of screen magnifiers: People with low vision would find it harder to read a sites content if it isn't big enough, so they would need a screen magnifier whiich would magnify the screen in the desired area.
   • Overview of screen readers: Screen readers are programs that read the screen out for blind users, or people who prefer to use them. There are three main commands that they can use: Say Everything: self-explanetory; Traditional Keyboard Navigation: Use the keyboard to navigate the site for links, form fields, and other objects; Filtered Movement: You use the keyboard to navigate to what you are interested in.
   • Overview of hardware assistive technology: There are also some hardware devices that can help people with disabilities access their devices, like ki=eyboards, and mice. There could even be devices attached to peoples heads in case their hands are unavailable to use or be used.

4. Personas for People with Disabilities

   • People are people: People with disabilities are just normal people, its just they have a disability. They think, want and do the same things as us but they do those things differently because of those disabilities.
   • Vision issues: People who are blind or have low vision, have to use a screen reader or a screen magnifier, because they either can't see the screen clearly or absolutely don't know what is on the screen at all. Blind people have to be told exactly what an object is, can do, and its name, while low vision people just need to view it closer in order to figure it out. Blind people also usually use a keyboard to navigate around the site, which means that sites have to be coded to handle a keyboard navigation.
   • Hearing issues: People who are deaf or hard of hearing, would not be able to hear the video that they are watching, and so they would need captions, or even a transcript file in order to understand what is going on in the video.
   • Mobility and dexterity issues: People with mobility issues would probably not be able to use a mouse and if so, then they would use a stylus or some other type of assistive technology, but most of the time they would still require a keyboard. You should also make your site's link keywords to activate them, in case someone is using a screen-reader, match the content of the link.
   • Cognitive issues: For people with cognitive issues, here is a strategy that would not elliminate the problem but at least help: 1. Design for forgetfullness, 2. Write with plain language, 3. Provide predictability in your interface
   • Aging into disability: As people age, they will eventually develop a disability, but it won't be as serious as some others if you're lucky.

5. Integrating Accessibility into Your UX Work and Process

   • Accessibility in content strategy: In order for people to not get lost in your document and not know where they are in the layout, you would have to design your content appropriatly so that it is easy to follow and reduces the chance that people will get lost on your page.
   • Accessibility and layout: Combining accessibility into your layout is difficult the first time but the more you do it the better you will get. Don't forget to have visible calls to action, and multi-column layouts would help a lot with organizing your site.
   • Accessibility and visual design: If your site has visual design, then people who are blind or low vision might not be able to see it and would require having to use a screen reader or magnifier but still won't get any idea of the design flow.
   • Accessibility and interaction design: Designing the interaction for accessibility would require having easy keyboard access, and access by other things like a mouse, stylus, or Apple Pen, or even assistive technology. Also worry about the purpose of the task you are making and how the steps for completing it would differ between different people.
   • Accessibility and user research: Anytime you are going to create a project, it is best to research about how disabled users interact with any web page so you can make your site based off of your research. Communicating physically with people with disabilities also helps you learn how they would access sites.